Welcoming Ramadan: The Sacred Sight of the Crescent Moon

Ramadan, the holiest month in Islam, begins with the sighting of the hilal—the new crescent moon. But did you know that not everyone around the world sees it at the same time? The process of marking the beginning of Ramadan is deeply rooted in faith, tradition, and science.

Why Doesn’t Ramadan Start on a Fixed Date?

Unlike the Gregorian calendar, which follows the sun, the Islamic calendar is lunar-based. Each Islamic month begins when the new moon is visible. This means that Ramadan moves approximately 11 days earlier each year in the solar calendar.

The Qur’an states: “They ask you [O Prophet] about the phases of the moon. Say, ‘They are a means for people to determine time and pilgrimage.’” (2:189)

This verse highlights the significance of the moon in structuring time, influencing how Muslims welcome and bid farewell to Ramadan.

How is the Crescent Moon Sighted?

The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) instructed: “Whenever you see the new moon of Ramadan, begin fasting. When you see the new moon of Shawwal, break your fast. If the sky is cloudy, complete 30 days.” (Muslim)

The moon takes approximately 29.5 days to complete its cycle. Since a month cannot have half a day, some Islamic months have 29 days, while others have 30 days—never 31.

On the 29th night of Sha’ban, people across the world search the sky for the hilal. If it’s sighted, Ramadan begins the next day. If not, Sha’ban completes 30 days, and Ramadan starts the day after.

Why Does the Start of Ramadan Differ Across Countries?

Ramadan’s start can vary based on regional moonsighting traditions:

• Global Moonsighting: Some follow the first official moonsighting anywhere in the world.
• Regional Moonsighting: Others follow a nearby Muslim-majority country (e.g., the UK often follows Morocco or Saudi Arabia).
• Local Moonsighting: Growing in popularity, this approach waits for visibility within one’s own country.

Each method fosters community unity while respecting scientific precision and Islamic tradition.

How Does Ramadan’s Timing Shift Over the Years?

Due to the 11-day shift each year, Ramadan moves across all seasons. Over a lifetime, a Muslim will observe Ramadan in spring, summer, autumn, and winter—each bringing unique challenges and blessings.

Exciting Fact: Two Ramadans in One Year!

In 2030, Ramadan will occur twice—first in January and again in December. This happens every 30 years, last occurring in 1997.

Are All Fasts the Same Length?

No! The length of fasting depends on geographic location and season:

• Northern Hemisphere: Fasting hours are currently shortening until 2031, when Ramadan coincides with the winter solstice (shortest day). After that, they will gradually lengthen until the summer solstice (longest day).
• Southern Hemisphere: The opposite trend occurs.

For instance, in the UK, 2025 will be the first time in years that Ramadan ends before daylight saving time, meaning shorter fasts—a nostalgic reminder for many who experienced similar fasts in childhood.

Ramadan: A Time of Reflection and Giving

Ramadan is not just about fasting; it’s a sacred time of spiritual renewal, charity, and community. As we welcome the crescent moon, let’s also welcome compassion, generosity, and unity into our hearts.

This Ramadan, make a difference by giving to those in need. Your support helps provide food, water, and relief to communities around the world.

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